Breast

When should I start having mammograms?

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers. The World Health Organization estimated 2.3 million new diagnoses worldwide in 2020. It mostly affects women; men account for about 1% of cases. Survival depends on the stage at diagnosis, and despite effective new treatments, early diagnosis remains the best way to prevent deaths.

What the guidelines say

The age to start screening has been the subject of lively discussion among scientific societies:

• The US Preventive Services Task Force (2024) recommends a mammogram every 2 years from 40 to 74.
• The American Cancer Society gives women the option to start yearly mammograms at 40 to 44, recommends them every year from 45 to 54, and every 1 or 2 years from 55, for as long as they are in good health.
• The American College of Radiology and the American Society of Breast Surgeons recommend a mammogram every year from 40.

Why the uncertainty?

• Breast density. Women in their early forties tend to have denser breasts, which makes mammograms harder to read. Density decreases with age.
• Incidence. Breast cancer is somewhat less common in younger women, although it is not rare under 45.
• False positives. A mammogram that looks abnormal but turns out not to be cancer is more common in women in their forties, and leads to extra tests and worry.

So, should I start at 40?

Today most guidelines agree on starting at 40. If your mother or sister had breast cancer, you should certainly start at 40, and ask your physician whether you need a different schedule. Whatever your age, see your physician soon if you notice a change in your breast, without waiting for your next mammogram.

This article gives general information and doesn’t replace advice from your physician. Want to know which screenings apply to you? Take the ScreenMe questionnaire.